Izinkulungwane Ezintathu Zokudlala KuziZipha Kanjani Ubunzima Nezikhathi Zokuhlala?

Abaholi besivumelwano samandla namakhono abasebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula izindlela zokuhlala kuzinzulu. Phakathi kwezinhlelo zokwakha izinhawu ezikhona manje, izinhawu ezintathu zokwakha zibonakala njengokuphelele kwesithembiso sezifundo, zinikeza ubomi obungcono kunezinye izinhawu eziqediwe noma eziphelele. Lezi zinhlelo ezihluphekile zokwakha izinhawu zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izintlalo ezinezimo ezihle nezindlela zokwakha ezinezimali ukuze kwenzeke izinto ezinamandla okwakha kakhulu kunazo zinye izinhawu. Indlela eyisodwa yokwakha izinhawu ezintathu kusukela ekunikezela amandla okwakha kakhulu ngelisho likhuthaza ukukhetha kakhulu kubalulekile.

Ukufunda Ngendlela Yokwakha Iyasekelwe Kuzinhawu Ezintathu Zokwakha

Inkonzakalo Yokuqina Ukuvikela Nokuxhasa Kwezimali

Umthwalo wokwenza izinyawo ezizodwa zika-aluminum kuyekwa ngokuba kuqala nge- ingots ephathekileyo ye-aluminum eyayiqina kakhulu ngokushisa okuphezulu nokugcwaliseka. Lokhu kukhuniya iqiniso le-grain ye-aluminum, kuthola izinto eziningi, ezinkimbinkimbi nezibonakalayo ezingcono kunazo zokulungiswa. Lokhu kususa ukungabi khathazelekile futhi kudala i-grain flow eqondene nezwiqine zenyawo, okuthola ukukhuthaza okuningi nokwesaba kokubamba. Abasebenzi basebenzisa izimboni ezivikelekileyo ze-computer ezisetshenziswa yizindlela ezingaphezu kuka-10,000 tons, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zezimali ziphinde ziphinde ziyalingana kuzo zonke izinqamuzana.

Umphakathi ngamunye wemithombo ethathu yokudityaniswa kwemigqa yekhanda kufa ngokuphazanywa ngokuthile ekuphazanyweni, kuvumela abasebenzi ukulungisa izimo zomthelela ngokulingana nokugcinwa komlando nokudinga okufunwayo. Isahluko sesimemeza sikhona izimo ezihlukene zokulayisha kunalesiNkawuli, futhi lokhu kugcinwa kuvumela ukulungiswa okujwayelekile komthelela lapho isimo sikhona kakhulu. Imithwalo ephethenjwayo yokuchazela imithwalo ihlelisa kabanzi izici zomkhuba, ngezindlela ezilondolozeni okuhle ezaziwe ukuthuthela ubukhona ngelokho ekhondweni kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlakanipha kokulungiswa komthelela kukhiqiza imigqa engalayi emehlweni lezimo eziphambene futhi ingabandakanyi izimo zomdlalo.

Ukudityaniswa Okwahlukile Nokuhlanganiswa Kwezinto

Indlela yokwenza izicathulo ngokwahlukanisa iziphawu ezintathu ibangela ukuthi isicathulo sahlukane ngokuphelele: igzansi, ikhanda lesiphefu, naphakade siphefu, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okucophele kakhulu ngaphambi kokugcina. Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela ethuthile kuvumela ukulungiswa okuhlelekile kanye nokwakha okuchithawe ngenxa yokuthinta kakhulu ngaphandle kokuguquleka kwesicathulo sonke. Izibhidli ezinezindleko eziphelele ziyambandela le ziphawu, zenza izihlangothi ezinamandla ezingena ngokulinganayo embonweni wokugcina ngelika kuzivikela ngokuthanda noma kushisa. Ukubopha kwezibhidli kunciphisa futhi ukuhlelwa kanye nokulungiswa, ngoba iziqhamo ezithile zingahlelwa noma zilwangalwe ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwegumbi eligcwele.

Imithetho yokulawula ubunzima ngokuphelele kwezinyathelo zokudala iqembu lezinyathelo ezintathu eziqhamuka kusidla ukuthi inxenye ngayinye ikhokhele imikhuba emakhelwene phambi kokugcwa ebandleni besayensi. Izinyathelo zomsebenzi wokubhola okuphelele zenza izihlangothi ezifanayo kahle phakathi kwemigodolo, nokho izibali zetorque zezilbolti zokudala ziqiniselwa kahle ukuze ziphumelele ekukhokheni kwegunya. Indima yamandla kwezinyathelo futhi ichaza amasayensi athile aqondene, noma kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuphatha izimpendulo ezahlukene ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa ekugcwaliseni. Lokhu kungcono kwebandla nokuphatha kwenzeka kwenza kube lula ukuthi kwenzeke konke okunembala nezikhumba okuphumelelayo okuyingcinwa yizinyathelo lezimali ngabesifazane abanelungenje.

Izinkinga Zokuphila Kwezinyathelo Ezimbili Eziqhamuka

Ukuphila Okuphucake Kunokuba Khathala Nezidingo Zokuziphatha

Ukwehla kakhulu kwe-3-piece forged wheels kusuka kumbutho wesithelo esihlelwe ngemuva kwemfazwe yokuqhakamshelwa futhi ukwahlukaniswa kwegugu ekuqondisweni kumthelelo okunikezwe yi-multi-piece design. Ngaphandle kwe-monolithic cast wheels, engafanele ukulahlela izimo zomthelelo phakathi kwesithelo, indlela yahlukene ibeka inkinobeko ngayinye ivezwe ngokuhlelwe kumthelelo walo. Umbutho wesithelo we-forged washintsha izinkinga ezincane nezinkinga zophansi ezifana nezama cast wheels, kwenza umthelelo omehlweni owenziwa ukukhulula ukuthembeka nokhula. Lokhu kukhulula okuphucake kubangelisa ngqo ubude bezinsuku zokusebenza, noma uma kusebenziswa emaqondini amaningi angaphuli ngokushesha iindlela ezincane zezixhumanisi.

Izindlela zokugcina ukugcwele, ezihlukahlukana kakhulu ekuthinteleni kwesheshe kumanyathelo ethile yezinkawu, ziqashelwa ngendlela ephumelelayo ngokudidekayo phakathi kwezinxenye zenkawu. Izixhumanisi zemithambo zenza izindlela zolungelelo eziphatha izimali ngendlela efanayo kuzo zonke izinxenye zomthombo, okungahlinzeli ukugcinwa kwezimali ezingavuku kwi-spoke-to-rim kumanyathelo angxenyeni eyodwa. Ukuhlaziywa okuphucansi kwe-finite element kubandla endaweni yokwenzela lezi zixhumanisi ezibalulekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izilinganiso zokugcina zilahlekelwe phansi kwezimali zomthelela kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza. Lokhu kukhuniwe kwenza izinkawu ezingaqasha umthelela wazo noma kube sekujwayele kakhulu, ukulanda okuningi, nokugcina amandla okungahlaselwa okungaphuli izinkinga ezingaphezu kwalezo zenkawu.

Ukukhathala Kokugcina Nokwamukela Ukunyangeke

Ukukhathala okuphucansi kuka izinye ezingu-3 ezakhiwe ngokufakwa isuselwa kumthwalo ophezulu wamathali ayinhloko okwenziwa ngokugcina nokuguquka kwamandla wehlabathi yendawo enanomaqondo amaningi. Xa kuthathelwa izindlela zokuhlaziywa, umthwalo wesilivimba esigcinileyo unikisa indlela ephathelene ngaphandle kokungahlekanga komthwalo ocastiwe, ukuvumela ikhanda ukuthi igcinwe futhi ithole amandla ushintsho olukhulu kunokuthi luhlakane kabangani. Umthwalo otholakeleyo unikeza imithombo eyengeziwe yokuhlukaniswa kwamandla ngokuthatha isimo sesihlangothi sendawo, okungakusiza ekugcineni ubunzima bekhanda ngenkathi kuzo zonke izimo ezihlaziywa kakhulu. Lokhu ukubulawa okukhathazekile kukhona kakhulu emisebenzini yezindlu eziphumelelayo apho izindlela zekhanda zingaphezula izimo ezinhle zokusebenza.

Umdodi wokuthi kunezinhlayiya zikhethekile zezigaba lezinkuni futhi kunikeza izimboni ezikhulu uma kuhlukunyezwa ukuthi kukhona ukulahlekelwa, ngoba iziqhamo ezithile zingakhohlakala okungaphansi kokuthi kususwe yonke into yokwakha kwesigaba. Lokhu okugcinjelwa okuqondile kungena kube yinkinga engaphansi yokuphatha imali engaphandle komxholo kodwa futhi kusiza emthwebeni umphathi wemfundo ngokunikezela isikhathi eside sokusebenza kwizinto. Izindiza zokulungisa izigaba zingakhohlakala ukulungisa izigaba eziphilile zezinhlayiya ezilahlekile ukuze zibe njengentsha, lokho akukho khona ngenxa yokuthi kuhlukunyezwa ukulahlekelwa kumgangatho noma kumgangatho ongcamphisa. Ukhotha nokusebenzisa iziqhamo ezithile zingekuvumela izinqumo zobulungiselelo okungaphezu okungadinga ukuthi kuqukumele indlela efika ekuphazameni konke, ngakho-ke kungenza kube yinkimbinkimbi futhi kube yinkhululeki kakhulu kwalokhu kwegolide yezigaba.

Ukusiza Kwisimo Sehlala Ngokuphatha Okuphucayo

Ukulungiswa Kowejithi Nokuchithwa Kowejithi Engalayi

Okunye kwezinkinga eziphilayo zokusebenza kwezinkinobho ezintathu ezigciniweyo kukhona ukuthi kube khona uhlelo lwendawo yommandla futhi ukuthi kube khona ubuncinane bommandla angaphandle kwegolide ngaphandle kwezinkinobho eziqobo. Indlela yokugcina isivumelwano esigciniweyo kusenza sibe sisivumelwano esibucayi, esibhekene ngokupheleleyo, okukhomba ukuthi kudingeka kube khona ukubuyiselwa kwemithombo emakhelwini angakhiyanga, okwenza izinkinobho ukuze zibe nzima kunesivumelwano ngaphandle kokuba zibe nzima kunesinye isivumelwano. Lokhu kubangelisa ukuthi kube khona ukuthula kwesikhathi sokusebenza kwegolide, ngoba izinkinobho ezingahlali zidinga indlela encane yokuthutha nokupheliswa kwesikhathi sokuhamba phansi ngepansi kwemithombo engahambanga ngazo. Ukuncipha kwezindlela kwenza futhi igolide ibe nemininingwane yokugcina izinkinobho eziphakeme phezu kwegolide, kungenza kube khona ukugcinwa kwezimali futhi kube khona ukusebenza kwezinto zonke zegolide.

Ukunikezwa kwezinto ngendlela ethembekile ekwakhiweni kwezinkawu zokugcina amathuba ezintathu kuyethembisa ukuthi kube yisilinganiso nesilinganiso sesimo sezinga lokujikeleza. Izixhobo zokudizayina ezisebenzisa ikhompyutha zivumela abasebenzi ukususa izinto eziphakeme kuzindawo ezingaphansi kakhulu kodwa futhi kubukeke okuphezulu kwesimo esiphakeme. Lokhu kukhula kwezinto kwenza izinkawu zibe nzima, njengoko kusha kunciphisa imithamo yokujikeleza, okwenzela ukuthi kunciphise imithamo yokugcina nokuhlala, nakuba kuvuselela impikiswano yezinhlangothi nezimo zonke zezinkawu. Imithamo etholakeleyo ngalokho kungaphephela kakhulu kulingana no-20% kunalingana nokukhanya kwezinkawu, kungenza izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokusebenza nokusebenza kuzindlela zonke.

Ukucindezelwa Kwesihlangu Senhlangothi Nokuncipha Kwegama

Ukudala kwezinye indawo zezinkundla ezihlelikazi kunezixakisha eziphumelelayo ekukhathazekeni kwizixakisha ezingcono kakhulu kumgwa wokuhlala nokunciphisa izilingo ezikhona phakathi kwesithuthi. Izinxalenye eziphathelene ngaphandle kwezinkundla zenza izixakisha ezenzekelayo ezingena kuzixakisha futhi zizilahle, ngaphambi koko kungafika kususupheni ukususwa kwindawo yesithuthi. Lokhu kukhathazeleka kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekunciphiseni izixakisha ezikhathazekileyo ezingaba yisizathu sokungabi namandla kwi-cabin nekusheshwa kokugayaya kwezixakisha zesusupheni. Izindawo zokudluliswa phakathi kwezincwadi zezinkundla zinikeza ukulungiswa okwenzelwe ngokuthi kwenziwe ngokulinganiselwa ukuze kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwezixakisha.

Amadoda amandla kanye nezindlela zokulungisa okusekelwe kumetshiko ezenziwa kabili yayingxenye eyathathu kuyakhuphula kakhulu izici zalo ngokuthintana nokuthintana ngokuthuthukisa ubumnandi bomlando nomthelela wobude. Ukugcina okuphephile okwenzelwa yizinto ezakhiwa kuzinzilelo kwenza izikhala ezizimeleyo zezindleko zibe nzima kunezidingo zomthamo, kusabalalisa izindlela zokuthinta okungahle zithintele. Izindlela ezithile zokulungisa isikhala kungase kubahle izici zesikhala sezingxenye zemethiko, ekunciphisa izikhathi ezifanayo ezikhangela ukuthuthukisa ingoma yokudlula. Lokhu kushisayo kwemfundo kanye nokugcina kuchaza ukuthi kungani kufanele kube khona inkohlakala enjalo yokudlala, ngenkohlakala engaphezulu yingoma kanye nenkohlakala enhle emva kokudlala phakade.

Iziphumo Zokusebenza Kanye Nezinketho Zokwenza Ngokuthintana

Umthombo Wempilo Yemoto Kanye Nokusebenza Emkhosini

Ukuzalwa kwezinhlelo yokwenza izindiza ezenziwe ngokuphanda kwakunikezela kakhulu yizinhlelo zemoto egcwele, lapho izidingo ezidebelezayo zokusebenza kuyazama ukuthuthukisa kahle izibonelo nezinhlelo zokwakha. Amathimba wokugcwele ayadinga izindiza azilawula ngazo izilinganiso ezikhulu futhi aqaphele ukulawula okuphethilwe kumehluko yezinkimbini, kanti izindiza ezenziwe ngokuphanda ngezinye izigaba zibonakala ngcono kunazo onke amanye kulezi zimo ezidebelezayo. Inkinobeko yokulungisa izilinganiso ze-offset, ububanzi, nomkhawulo ngokukhetha izigaba ezithile kuyenzela ukuthi lezi zindiza zibe yisiprofathi sokulungisa izici zokuphatha komoto ngokulinganisa nokudla.

Ukusebenzisa kwezokugcina kuye kwakhiwa izinqubo zokudobela ezigcinwayo ukudobela izinto zomgcina, nokuba kube nezinkinga ezihlukene futhi ngezidingo eziphathelene nokulunga kwesimo sezulu. Izifundo ezitholakele kumasebe amakhono ayethulwa emsebenzini wendawo, ngoba izinhlelo eziyindlela ekuphileni kwindawo ziyakha kakhulu ubunzima bempilo kanye nobunzima basebenzini kubasebenzisi abanobuchwepheshe. Izinga lempilo elizenzakalelayo lika izokugcina elizenzakala kumasebe alivikele indawo yokuzalwa yezigaba ezintathu zokuzalwa okungaba khona njengoba kusetyenziswa kakhulu kumgcina wendalo.

Ukufaka Ngokwehluleka Kakhulu Nokuguquguquka Kwembono

Umdodi wokwakha kwemipara ethathu yokukhanya kwezinkundla ezintathu kuvumela imikhuba yokuqwalaselwa okungaphezu kokuba kuphinde kuphinde kube khona ukuguquguquka kwesayizi kuze kube ngamandla okuguquguquka embonweni nokusebenza. Kusenokufakwa izinketho ezahlukene zomlando kumakampuni ngalinye, kwenza amandla avivinayo angachazekanga ngezinkundla eziphindiweyo. Ukhotha nokuchaza ubude bezimbotshana nezimphakathi zokuphazanyiswa kuvumela ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kwebilili ezingagcinwa ngendlela eyinhloko noma izibhamu ezikhethiwe, kuyakho kakhulu lezinkundla kubaleni abahle kakhulu nasekuthutheleni izimpilo.

Izindlela ezideyelekileyo zokwakha kuzakhiwa izimo ezinhlelweyo zezihlalo nezinye izinto ezinhlelweyo ebonisa ubungako bokukhokhelwa okuqinileyo ngelisho likhuphuke lomlando. Kusenokwenzelwa ukugcina, i-coatings engcwele, nezilinganiso ezithile zamakhemikhali kuwo woze wonke amakampone yekhompyutha ngaphambi kokudala, ukwakha izistemu ze-wheel ezigcwele eziyisisekelo ekusohlwayeni nokuthanda kwesithuthi. Lokhu kuguqukayo kumlando nokugcina izinketho, njengoba kutholakala kakhulu kakhulu kwezimilo zokusebenza zokukhokhela, kwenza izihlalo ze-3-piece forged zibe khetha okuvamile kubalulekile abathandayo abathanda ukusebenza kakhulu nokubonakala okuhluke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani izihlalo ze-3-piece forged ziyinkingi kunazo ezenziwe ngendlela ethile?

Ubunzima obungcono bekhalo lenqanawa yamathathu kusukela kumsebenzi wokugcwalisa ngokuchaza okuphelele okwenza iqondo le-aluminum elingcono, elibonakala kakhulu ngenxa yokuthutha kwe-grain nokususwa kwegumbi. Le ndlela yokuwakha iyenza iinqanawa zibe nzima kakhulu ngokungafanelekanga, ukulahlekelwa komthwalo, nokuhluka kwizinkinga ezixhaswayo kunazo enye into ekuwakhiwa ngayo. Indlela yokwakha engaqhelekanga ibambisa izilinganiso ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye ivumela ukuziqhelanisa kwezinto ngokuchazwe.

Le nqanawa zihambe njani ngokuhambisana nezinye iintonga?

amawhele okugcina amathathu enhloso kakhulu kumzuqo ngokuthulaswa komsimbi awusayo, okuphucula umsebenzi wophahla nokuthinta kwetayera ngesandla. Ukudala kwezinhlobonhlobonyane kunciphisa uvibration okubuyiselwa emkhumbini wemoto. Ukuqiniswa okuphelele okufakelwa yi forged kwenza ukuthi kube nzima kakhulu futhi kunezikhathi eziphembelelayo, okunciphisa ukungabi nemipumo ne-vibrations.

Ngaba amawhele atholukane a-3 anconywayo kumzuqo kazimuzimu noma kuzindlela kuphela?

Nakuba izinkulungwane ezizodwa ezenziwe ngezinto ezintathu ziyedwa kakhulu emisebenzini enzima, futhi zihlengahlenga kakhulu ekubhedleni ngemini ngemini ngoba zinamandla aphelele, amaphesheli wokukhuseleka, nezindleko ezinde. Ukuhle kwesivinini esiphelele, ukuncipiswa kwemfuneko yokuphatha, nokutholakala kwezinto ezingavusekelwa kuzo zonke kuyisilalo esihle kakhulu kumunye ngamunye owenjalo weyikhampani onethembeka ekakhulu kakhulu kakhulu ekusenza nokuhlakanipha. Indawo yabo ebomvu iyakha kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu kakh......

Kuthini okufanele kuzivikelwa ngokuphatha izinkulungwane ezenziwe ngezinye izinto?

Imigodolo enguququkayo ezenziwe ngokugodolwa kudinga ukubhekezela okuphakeme kwesitinga sokugaya nokulunga kwegungu, njengoba kusekelwe ekusabela izinkawuli ngezikhathi ezihlanjwayo. Inkinobeko yokusebenta ingxenye ngayinye yinto eqondene ngokunjalo, ngoba imigodolo ethintekile iyogcinwa noma iyotshintshwa ngaphandle kokuthi igodolo lonke libizwe. Kufanele ukucima kwenzeke ngendlela efanelekile engavumele amakhemikhali athintayo ukulunga kwegungu, futhi kuyavunyelwa ukubhekezela kweprofeshinali uma kukhona umthetho wokungcola ukuqina kokuphila nokusebenza.