Kungani Amawhele Akhiwe Kabili Angu-3 Awunyanelisayo Kumaqine Ke-Amaqine Asetyenzisiweyo Okuphakade?

Amaqine akhuthazekileyo ahlaziyiweyo ayadinga izinto ezingcono eza kuzithanda imizabaliso ekhulu ngelinye elinikezela ubumnandi nesebenzayo. Phakathi kwizibophelelo ezinezilingo ezininzi zamaqhubi amakhulu, amawhele akhiwe kabili angu-3 awunyanelisayo kumahlaza wokwenza i-whele, athengelela ubunzima obungaphezu, izinketho zokulungiswa, nezinto zokusebenza eza kungayi kakuhle ngazo amawhele ahleliwe alandelayo. Le mpendulo ehleliwe yezixhobo yayihlala njengemeko engcolileyo kuimvuneko yokudlala nokulungiswa kwezinqamlezulu ezide, enikezela umbango ongcolileyo wezinto ezenziwa ngokupheleleyo, ubunzima bokugcinwa, nobumnandi obonke abasebenzisi beqina bazidingayo.

Indlela yokwenza inzululwane yezigaba ezintathu iqhathanisa indlela yokwakha eyodwa kuyo into ehlukaniswe kumagcobo amathathu: isikrini, intonga yangenja, nohanda waphandle. Lendlela eqondene nezinhlobonhlobo iyavumela ukuthi abawekeni kubeke ngokwengezi kumunye ngamunye wezinto zokwenza, usebenzisa izilinganiso ezahlukene zamaloyi namandla okuwaka ukuze akhokhe imiphilisi yokusebenza. Indlela yokuwaka ngokwethu iqukethe umlilo nokugquba okuphakeme kumaloyi we-aluminum, ikhala ubume obuningi futhi obangcono kunazo zothando, okusiva kuzigaba angakhethi ukuthatha izindlela eziphambene kwizimo zokubhrideka ezikhomba.

Indlela Yokusika Kwaphakade Nenjineya Ebukhona

Ukuxhasa Teknoloji Nempilo Yezinto

Umsebenzi wokwakha izinhawu zokugcinawe ngamathathu kumele qala ngezibongo ezihle zomkhombo we-aluminum owenzelwe ngokucopheleka ngaphansi kwesimiso esikhulu, okuphakathi kwe-8,000 ukuya ku-12,000 tons. Lokhu kusindisa kwenza izingqalobhoko zenkimba zilandelane, kuyakha ubuchwepheshe bokungaba khona okuphakathi kwe-20-30% okukhulu kungezinhawu ezenziwa ngokulondoloza kodwa zinamandla alula. Umsebenzi wokugcina kusula ubukhwebezane neziphazamiso zehlathi ehlukahlukene ekhona kakhulu kumthetho wokulondoloza, kuyakha izinhawu ebona ukukhathalela okuhle kanye nokuthatha isixwayiso esingcono okudingekile kumsebenzi ophakeme.

Imithetho emiswe yokuphefumula ubute intombi kuyakha ngemuva kwebungako, lapho izinxenye zomthwalo zihlala ekuphefumuleni nokulahla okuhlelekile ukuze kufinyelele ubunzima nobunjingilingili obufanele. Le ndlela yokuphazanyiswa kwesibonelo, engaziwa njengekuphefumula ubute T6, ikhuthaza ubunzima besandla kusukela kubunjingilingili obudingayo ukulahla imbono yendawo engaphansi ngapha kokugayaya. Ukusebenza okucophele kuyakha kunciphisa amathuba okulingana, nezimiso zokwakha ezigcwele ezahlukene ngaphezu kwe-0.1mm kuwo wonke amaxesha amakhulu, ekunika indawo engeyiyo kanye nesimo esilungelelanayo sokujikeleza.

Amakhonzi eSakhiwo seModili

Indlela yokwenza eyenziwa ngamathathu kuhlenze indawo ekhona ngokulula kakhulu kwisithembiso nasekuhlanjeni kunzulu zezindlu eziphambili. Singaqhubeka ngalinye ilapho kwenziwa ngamandla amahhala ayihlukile okunikezela inkathi yalo: isikrini saphakade siyayisebenza kumandla namandla emshudu, ibhaleti laphakathi libhekene nokuthutha kanye nokuvikelwa kwebhreki, futhi igumba elangaphandle libonakala kakhulu kakhulu kakhulu. Le ndlela esisisekelwe kuyo iyavumela abasebenzi ukuthi bakhize izindlu ezahlukene ngokulinganayo.

Ukudala kwezinkundla ezintathu ezenziwe ngokwenza kuzifuna izixhobo ezihlanjwe ngempumelelo, kuchaphazela i-bolts ezibangelene nobude bomvu okanye stainless steel ebinda izinto ngokuphelele nge-torque. Umqondo wokuhlukahluka kumelwe ukuthi igunya elilodwa libizwe ngendlela eyodwa esebenzisana nokulahlekelwa kwesikhashana sokugcina, lokhu kuthula izindleko zokubamba phakade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkinobeko yokubuyekeza ubude bezindiza nezwidths zezindiza kuvumela ukucwalisa okuningi, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukufinyelela imfanelo yokuqhathaniswa ngezidingo zomkhumbi wabo futhi nokusebenza okuthile.

Imiphumo Yasebenzi Kuma Vehikili Ayothezekayo

Ukuncipha KoweLiwonke Nokuhlanganiswa Kwemithwalo Yokujika

Ingcumbu ekubeni kwezinkulungwane ezintathu ezenziwa ngokugcina kungenye yezinkinga ezikhulu kuyo yindlela yabo esiphakeme kakhulu yokulinganisa ubunzima nendalo, okubhekise kahle kuzindlela zomshini wemoto nokusebenza kwalo. Okubanzi kokukhupha ubunzima kuningi ukuthi kushiywe kusuka kuma-15-25% ngalinye iwhili, kunezisekelo eziningi ezifana nalezo eziphumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kukhupha ubunzima besingaphandle kusebentisayo kakhulu kumsebenzi we-suspension, kube lula kakhulu ukulawula uhambiso lwewhili futhi uqaphele ukuthi ityre isebenzise indlela yasempilweni ngenkathi imoto ihamba ngendlela efana ne-dynamic.

Ukuncipha kwegunyathi yokuzalisa kubangelisa ngokwengeziwe ukuthutha, ukuqina, nokushintshana kwemithetho, ngoba imoto inzima ngokunciphisa izidingo zokuzalisa noma ukumisa izihlangothi. Lokhu kunciphisa kuguquka kakhulu emisebenzini yesidanga lapho kuhlanganiswa izindlela eziningi zokuthutha nezindlela zokuqina, nabasebenzisi bakhombisa izikhathi ezimbi zomgcobo nokwandiswa kokuqhathanisa kwemoto. Lokhu kunciphisa kungaba khona kukhupha okunciphileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala, kungenza kube yimali yabo inkinga futhi ibe yinto ephathelene ngempela kusivinini esigcwele.

Ukulawula Isitayela Nokusebenza Kwe-Qina

Imisebenzi emihle ihlenze isitayela esikhulu kuphuma kwiindawo zeqina, futhi izinye ezingu-3 ezakhiwe ngokufakwa bakhiwa kakhulu ekunqamuleni umthubi ngokuba banezimo ezihle zomthelela nokwakha. Ukukhwehliwa kwe-aluminum okukhwehlisiwe kukhuthaza ukudluliswa kwesithunzi, kunciphisa umthubi kusiqinisekisa ukuthatha umthubi kusuka kumakilini wabreki ngendlela efana ngezinye izinkcazelo. Lokhu kuhlelekile kumthelelo kubangela ukusebenza okuphathelene kwe-breki nokuncipiswa kwesibindi sabreki ngemva kokusebenzisa kakhulu ngemva yokulala.

Ukukhwehliwa okuthathu kuvumela ukulungiswa kwezinqamulo zezincango nezinqamulo zezimbani ezingavikela amandla emvula emvelaphi kumakilini wabreki, kwenza izindlela zokuhlanya eziphucula umthelelo wokholisa futhi ukuhleka kwebreki. Abazalisi abaningi bathola izici ezithile zokukhwehliwa njengezincango ezigcwele noma izivumbi zokholisa ezilandelayo eziphatha amandla ngokujulile phakathi kwesayithi ngemva yokuzala, futhi kuhleke kakhulu kwebreki futhi kugcinezwe ubude bomthubi obufanele ngemva yokulala okudingayo.

Amasuntswana Wokulinganisa Nezinketho Zokufaka

Ukuzimiswa Kwesilinganiso Nokuhlelwa Okufakiwe Ngokomshwana Womshwana

Ubume bempahla yamashwanya angakohlwa ayisithathu abangakohlwa kuvumela izinzuzo zokuchitha okungakhethi okungafakelwa ngenxa yokudala kweshwanya elinye elingakohlwa. Abayenzelula bangashintsha izilinganiso zezibhokisi, ububanzi bezengubo, nezilinganiso zeqiniso lokushisa ukuze zilandelane nabanye bonke amandla, kuquka ukuseta kwegolide enezinkinga eziningi ezingcono kunezingcingo zegolide noma ukusebenzisa isikhwama esidinga iqiniso lefutha. Lokhu kushintsho kukhuphuka kwiindlela zokuhlaba kwemipini, izilinganiso zenqanaba lapha kaphakathi, nezilinganiso zemali, ukuqinisekisa ukulandelana ngokugcwele nabantu basebenza ngendlela eyahlukene.

Izinqumo zokuphazanyika kuyimfuneko kuvumela ukulungiswa okuthembekile kwejometri yesiphukuphuku, kube lula kubalwa abasebenzisa izivikelo ezingeni elisha ukufinyelela isilinganiso esingcono sendawo yosindiso, amathuba wokunxulumana, nokusetha kwecaphula. Lezi zinkinga zezojometri zizikhona ngaphakathi uma kufakwa ithinayara eziningi, iziphukuphuku ezingezansi, noma izixhobo zebrake ezingaphezulu ezidinga i-clearence ngokuchanekileyo. Inkinga yokufaka imithamo embalwa iyavumela amawhele atholakala kwi-forge engu-3 ukuthi aqonde amathuba lezivikelo futhi aqaphele indlela esebenzayo nezimali zokusafety.

Ukucubungula Kwesimo Namaqondo We-Finish

Ngaphandle kwezint advantages zokusebenza, izinda ze-wheel ezilodwa ngemigqa yethu zinamandla okugcwalisa okunjalo okunikeza abasebenzisi bezinhlanzi indlela eyodwa yokwenza izinto ehlukile ekubonakaleni kwazo futhi engezeke kuzo ubume bakho. Izinxenye ezahlukene zinakeka ukuthi zifakwe ngokufanayo, ngenhla, emgodini, kanye neziphansi zitholakale ukucoshwa, ukugqamiswa, ukunyusa, noma ukupaka kwe-powder. Lezi zi combination zikha ubomi bokubona nobubi obungcono okwenzela ukuba izinhlanzi ziboneke ngcono ngemuva kokaqiniso okuthandwayo kubo abathandazi bezinhlanzi ezingabonakali.

Izindlela ezideleka zokugcwalisa ezitholakala kumaghuba amathathu angamshiselwe azenzela izimvume eziphathelene nesimo sezulu. Izimvume ze-ceramic, izilungiselelo ze-PVD, nezimvume ezinhlokweni eziphucake zabelana nokuphepha okuhle kakhulu kusindiso se-corrosion, ukudonsa kwesithuthi sezibhamu, nokwehluleka kwegobo lesihlangothini ngaphandle kokushiywa isimo sakhe emuva kweminyaka. Inkinga yokugcwalisa ngalunye lwawo olunye uhlu lunciphisa inkohlako futhi kunciphise inkohlako yokulungisa, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukulungisa maghuba avo ngaphandle kokubuyisela konke.

Ukulula kanye nothengiso olunye

Ubucophelele Bukhuni Ngapha Kwezimo Ezikhulu

Ukudala kwesikrweleti kwezinkundla ezintathu ezenziwe ngokugcina kunciphisa ukulahlwa okuphakade okuphakathi kwezinkinga zokucindezela. Ukuchaza kubonisa ukuthi izinkundla ezenziwe ngokugcina zingasebenzisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa, kepha zihlengahlenga kakhulu ekusebenzisweni kakhulu lapho izindlela ezingavumelekile, izinhlangothi zomphanga, noma imithombo yokuphefha engaqondene ingakwamukelwa yizinkundla ezingcono. Isakhiwo se-grain esidalwa ngduring the forging process sinesimo esiqinile sokungasivikelani kwezikhulumi, lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba kusenziwe isifo, sizobuya siyanelela kuphela esikrweletini.

Ukuhlaziywa kwekhuba lokuphazanyiswa kubonisa ukuthi izinda ezintathu ezigcwele zingasebenzi ngeminyaka engama-millions ngaphandle kokuchithwa kwesithelo, kakhulu kube yizidingo zomzabalazo noma umdlalo. Lokhu kumele kungcono kakhulu nokusebenza okudala futhi kugcinwa phakade, kwenza kube yindlela eqinile yokunakekela abafani base-automotive. Indima yokwakha kuyisisekelo okusho ukuthi iziqondiso ezithile zingahlaziywa, zilungiselwe, noma zilwanyiswe njengoba kudingeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinda zizigcina ubukhona bawo ngokuphelele komsebenzi.

Okubi Nokulungiswa Kwezinsiza

Ukungasebenzi kwezinhlobo ezizodwa zezinhlayiya ezenziwe ngokugcina kuyisiphakamiso esikhulu kunazo zonke izinhlayiya ezenziwe ngokudlulwa, ikakhulukazi kumakhina okhula kakhulu noma akhathazekayo. Izikomponi zingasekelwa ukuze zikhuthazwe, zhlolwe, nokubuyiselwe ngaphandle kokunqama izinye izinto zenhlayiya. Lokhu kusobala ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni imbono nezindimana ezihle, ikakhulukazi emaqondini apho izibhamu, iphephethu lendawo, noma izindlela zokuphakama kuzodinga kwenze isifo esiqophelele kuzinhlayiya ezigcwele.

Imithetho yesimahla yokuphatha izikhwama ezizolwa ngokuzolwa kwezintathu iyasebenza ukukhokha okuhlelwe kwezixweba zokudala nokhokha kwezinye izikhawula ukuqinisekisa ukudalwa kwangempela. Inhloso yokuthola izikhwama ngokugcwele kuvumela ukucopheleka kwegunya eliphakeme lezadala evela kubude bebrake nezindlebe, ekuphatheni kakhulu ubungakanani nobungakanani. Abasebenzi basevisi bezikhwama bangeke bahlale ngokuphepha izinto eziyisodwa uma kusenziwa isenzo esincane, sengathi baphinde baphumelela ubungakanani kanye nobungakanani ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthi zikhwama zonke ziphulwe.

Usetshenziswa KwiMotorsports Emeniwe

Ukudluliswa Kwempatho Nokudinga Kokomphakathi

Ukusebenzisa kwezinhlope ezihlelekile kumgcobo wokubhaka kumelela izidingo ezikhulu kutechnology yezinhlope, futhi izinhlope zomgcobo wesithathu zibonwe njengesikhetheka phakathi kwezinhlophe zomgcobo. Umgcobo we-Formula, imidlalo yesithembiso sezinhlope, nezinhlophe zomgcobo zemidlalo ethululwayo zisebenzisa teknoloji yezinhlope eziyakhiwe ukuze zilindele izinselelo eziningi ezitholakala ngexesha lokumgcoba, kanye nokubamba ngokushesha, amandla okubhaka ngokugcwele, nesimo esiphakeme sangaphandle sokusebenza. Inkinobeko yokwenza ubukhulu nezimpendulo ngokwezinye izici zokumgcoba kuyizenzakalalela kakhulu umgcobo wokompetisha.

Amathuluzi okubamba ubunzima kakhulu emkhakheni yezindiza eziningi ikhiye izinkinga ezingaphezu kwazo eziphulwa ngamawheli amathathu angenwe ngenxa yobuchule bezimali zabo kumunxa wobunzima. Amathembu ethimba angafinyelela izidingo zokubamba kancane kakhulu kodwa nakuba kuyadingeka ukwakha ubuchule nokusebenza kahle, njengoko kusho ukuthi kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlukene njenge-magnesium centers noma i-carbon fiber barrels kumsebenzi ongcono. Ukusebenzisa kahle kwezinhlobo ezahlukene kunezindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuthutha, lapho kudingeka ukuguqula kahle kwe-wheels noma ukuthutha kwezinqamulo phakathi kwezinsuku.

Ukusebenza Kwegolide Nokulungisa Izinketho

Izivikelo ezikhuthazekileyo zolawulo bezindlela zifuna kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-teknoloji yeziwheleli ezenziwe kabili, ikakhulu eziqukethe izinhlelo zophangela olunconywayo, izinhlelo zokubhola ephathelene kabanzi, nokwakha kwamandla. Ukuqina okuphumelelayo kumeda ukusebenzisa izitshalo eziphansi ezingena ngokuhle kumoyeni wendlela nokuhlwayela kodwa kuyakhumbula ubukhona bokulawula phakathi komlando osheshayo. Lokhu kukhona kakhulu kuma-vehicle aphathezwa emkhathini, emaceleni ka-autocross, noma emsebenzini osheshayo apho iziwheleli ezenziwe ngokuvamile azidingi ukunika imigomo yokhuseleko.

Amathuba okulungiselela kwezinyawo ezintathu ezenziwe ngokuphanda kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kahle ngezidingo zokuhlelekwa kanye nokusebenza kwesithuthi esihleliwe. Abathandazi besimo singasetshenzisana nezidingo ezibovulekileyo ezingcono kanye namahlonga aphakeme, futhi abakhethi bezindiza bangazingelisa ifunkseni kunaphando ngamadoda ahlelekileyo atholakala kwi-tire contact patches kanye ne-brake clearance. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi kube yisikhathi esigcwele sokusebenza kwezithuthi ezihleliwe, kusukela kuzinkundla kuya kumashine ethrack.

Ukuzivocavoca Kwemali Nokuvuleka Kwemali

Ukufakwa Kwasekuqaleni Kwanembali Yokusebenza

Nakuba izinkulungwane ezivela kudonga lesithupha zibonakala yizimali eziphakeme kangaka kunazo ezenziwa ngokucaca, iziphumo zazo nezimali eziphathekayo ngokudlule kwesikhathi zixhomekeza ukuthengiselwa okuphakeme kubalulekile kakhulu abaholi besayithikali. Ukudibanisa ukukhula kwegcobo, ukwanda kwegcobo, nokwakhiwa kwezinkulungwane ezinokuguqulwa kungenisa kuziphumo ezimbiyela emsulwa wemoto eyodwa kusizo esiphezulu sokuthenga futhi siphinde sibonekeke kuziphumo. Kuzindlela ezifundwa kuzo, kufundwa ukuthi kugcinwa isikhathi esifushane esinika ubunjalo bezimali eziphathekayo.

Indlela yokudala enguqondiso iphinde iphinde ikhokhele izindleko ngokudala ngokusebenza nokubuyisela kwezinto ezinokuthi kungakwenzeki ngenxa yezindlela zokudala i-wheel ezingumnye umfanekiso. Kungakhathalwa ukulahlekelwa kwezinto eziyodwa ngaphandle kokubuyisela i-wheel konke, okususa izindleko zokufaka phakathi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu koko, inkinobeko yokubuyekeza amanzi ama-dimensions noma ukubuyekeza amanzi ethinta kanye kakhulu isikhathi esiphumelelayo sekhiye, sivumela abakhiwe ukubuyekeza amawhele athembekile kizidingo ezihlukene kwezinhlophe noma ukuthanda okuhluke ngaphandle kokuthatha kabusha.

Ukuthengiswa futhi kakhulu nokuthenga

Amawhili amathathu aphezulu aqhubekayo angcolileyo ayadinga inani elikhethekile ngokuba yizindlela zabo zokwakha, ukwakha okungcolileyo, nokuthembeka kakhulu kumphakathi wamakhari ashintshiwe. Izihlukanisi ezihle evela kumthengi onobuchwepheshe ziyahlala zinezimali eziphakeme kakhulu, zibuyela phakathi kwe-60-70% yenani labo laphambili, fangela kube khona okukodwa kokuphulula izinto ezishintshwe zomkhumbi okugcina inani elikhulu lekucindezelwa. Ukuthembeka okuphakathi kakhulu kwizinto ezinzima zomkhumbi emaphethelweni abacollector nabaholi kusisusa ukuthembeka kakhulu kumphakathi wasekugcineni.

Izilingo zomkhiqizo ziqiniseza ukuthatha kakhulu kwamathuba okufaka izikhelo ezingama-3 ekuzalwa ngokugcina njengoba abazihlakanipho bezemoto bazazi izikhathi zabo zempumelelo nezobumnandi. Ukuthuthuka kwebhizinisi yezikhathi zomdlalo nesilisa sibhamu sabasebenzisa imoto kwenza umkhiqizo othuthukayo wezinhlelo zezikhelo, okwenzela ukuthuthuka kwezimali kakhulu eziningi lezinhlelo ezinzulungileyo. Leli qiniso likumkhiqizo kunye nokuthuthuka kwezemali kakhulu kubantu abathandayo izindiza ngokudla ngokudla.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini okwenza izikhelo ezingama-3 ezigcinwe ngokugcina zibe makhulu kunazo amanye ayisethulo

Inkathi yokudlulisela iyagcwalisa umkhawulo we-aluminum alloy ngezinkinga ezide, ikhula iqembu elihlanzekileyo le-grain elimelimina i-porosity futhi libeke kakhulu ubunzima bokuphakama. Le ndlela yokuqasha izikithi ezigcinwe ngokushesha ezingcono ngaphansi kuka-20-30% kunazo ezifakiwe ngokuchanekileyo kodwa zinommandla omncane, zinikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuphila kwesifo okungcono okukhathalelayo kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo apho ubunzima bezobuchwepheshe buhleli.

Ububanzi obungakanjani okungasuswa ngokuguquka kuze kube ngu-3-piece forged wheels

Ukususa ubunzima kuyashintsha kusengaphakathi kuka-15-25% ngasinye isikithi kunazo ezifakiwe ngokuchanekileyo, nakuba konke kuyasebenza kufika kakhulu kwezidingo. Kusengaphakathi kwasethi yezine zikithi, lokhu kuyashintsha kusengaphakathi kuka-20-40 iphondi yokususa ubunzima kwezinto ezingavulwanga, okuphucisana kakhulu ukusabela, ukusebenza kwesiphazamiso, nokuphatha kwe-suspension ngelikho kususa ubudlelwane kwezinqamlezelo ze-drivetrain futhi kuphucise imfundo yonke yesimo sezinhlelo.

Ingaba amawhele akhiwe ngamathuluzi ayisithupha afanele kumsebenzi ozolunga?

Yebo, amawhele akhiwe ngamathuluzi ayisithupha awavuka kakhulu kumsebenzi ozolunga, azenza izidingo eziphambili nezempazamo ezintshontshayo kunamawhele atholakala ngendlela. Izigaba zabo zokukhula zizenzela ukuthuthwa kwamapothole nezinkinga zomhlaba, futhi ukwakhiwa kwazo kuvumela ukuthi izinto zishintshelwe ngokwethile uma kuthinta. Abanakekeli abaningi bathola ukuthi bafanele kakhulu kumsebenzi ozolunga kunamawhele aqondene, ikakhulukazi emaphandleni apho imigwa yomhlaba ibubi.

Kungakanani okufanele amawhele akhiwe ngamathuluzi ayisithupha asheshwe noma achazwe

Kukhulunywa ukuba kube khona ukulandela okujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezikhulu-6 kuze kube ngu-12, okuqukethwe yilithongo le-torque ye-hardware kunye nokuphila kwesikhephe se-sealing surface. Kufuneka kube khona ukulandela okwaneleyo kumibhubhu eqhasiweyo, ikakhulu emva kwezindunyana zokuthatha izimoto ngokushesha. Ukudityaniswa kwegalelo kunye nokucingenisa ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbini-2 kuze kube ngu-3 kukhusela ukuphila kwezimo eziphambili kunye nomboniso, waye wenza ukwenzeka kokulandela ngokugcwele amagqabi aphanekayo kunye nodityaniswa kwezinto zokubeka isikhephe xa kudinga.