Kungani IziGubhu Ezintathu ZeFor forged Zingumugqa Othembekileyo Ekusebenzisweni Kwemoto eNqanaweni

Emlindini wempumelelo wokubhambana lapho konke okusebenzayo kufanele kube nomdla wamandla amakhulu futhi aqiniseze umsindo ophelele, ukukhetha izinhawu eziyisiko kungaba isidingo esibalulekile sokuthi singakwenzela nokulahleka kwisifundo sokubhambana. Ababhali bezibhobho nezithembu zokubhambana ziyashiywa izinhawu ezingu-3 zaziswa njengesinqumo sayo, baziwa amandla awo aphakeme, amandla okugcina kanye nembala eyaziwayo emshinini wokubhambana obunzima. Lezi zinhawu ezininzi zibonakala njengemfazwe yokuqhubeka kumfanekiso wemoto, zihlanganisa izimo ezisha zokwakha kanye nesayensi yezinto ukuze zenze izimboni ezihlakaniphile ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu.

Ukuziqonda Umfanekiso Wenhlekelelwano Wezinhawu Ezingu-Tlo

Imiphumela Yophawu Olusezimaleni Ngokulandelana Ngezidingo Zokubhishisa

Ukudala okuhlelwe kwizinhawu ezitholeni izikhele zikhelwe kakhulu emsebenzini wamaphoyisa, lapho izilungiso ngokushesha nezibuyekezo kungathinta phambili imiphumela yokubhishisa. Ngaphandle kwezinhawu ezinezikhele eziyodwa, le ndima eyisinkingi ibonakalisa inqanawa yezinhawu ngamathathu amanye amnye: ikhobho yekhanda, isikhangeli sangaphakathi, nesikhangeli sangaphandle. Lokhu kuvikela izinduna zokubhishisa ukuthi zilondolose izihloko ezithile ezithintekile ngaphandle kokuphumula konke okutholakele kwezinhawu, futhi kunciphise kakhulu ixesha elingahloli futhi namathuba okulondoloza ngexesha elibalulekile lokubhishisa.

Abaprofesiwoni basebenzisa izindiza bafisela kakhulu inkinga yokuguquguquza izici zezindiza phakathi kwezimo ezahlukene zokubhaka nezidingo zomgwa. Amathimba angaguquka i-offset, ububanzi, nomkhawulo ngokushintsha kwezixaba zomgwa ngelishanini isikhungo esifanayo, sivumela ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kwezimo eziphathelene nesithunzi. Lokhu kusobala kakhulu xa kufanele kuthunyelwe emgwaneni wokubhaka, izimo zasezulwini, noma izici zezindiza ngemva kwesizohla.

Izici Zomthelelo Nezindleko Zokwenza Ngokugaya

Umsebenzi wokwakha okusetshenziswa ekwakheni lezinkawu kwenza umphumela wobuchwepheshe obuphucukayo futhi bakhazimula ngaphezu kwalezo ezakhiwe ngendlela. Ngexesha lokwakha, i-aluminum alloy isetshenziswa ngumgcinwa omkhulu nokuhlakanipha kwezindleko, ukulungiselela ubuchwepheshe be-metal ukuze lulandele imigomo yesikhwama nembangela yomthelela. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kususwa ukungabi nomlando nempawu engaqondene enezincwadi ezakhiwe ngendlela, futhi kubekisa izinto ezinokwenzeka ngaphandle komthetho omkhulu, izindleko, nezimali eziphathekayo ezitholakala emshwaleni wamakhono.

Izilinganiso ezahlukene zokubaluleka ezisetshenziswayo ku izinja eziphinde zizinye ezintathu ngokuvamile zifaka izinto njenge-magnesium, silicon, ne-titanium ukuze zenze izilinganiso zobukhulu kumqondo. Lezi zilinganiso ezibalulekile zilondoloza ubunzima bokushintsha lapho zihlukaniswa izimo ezinezindleko ezingaphezu kwezulu ngemvulo yokuhlanza kuya kuzindleko ezikhulu ezitholakala ngemva yokudlala emasikini amaningi.

Izici Zokusebenza Ezichaza Ubunikazi Bomdlalo

Ukugcwalisa Kweight nokulungiselele Kwimitholampilo Ekhaziywa

Ukunciphisa kweight kwiziqhamo ezigcina zikuphazanyiswa kunezintshukumo eziningi kumakhompiyutha emidlalo, lapho ngamunye umgcamandaba wokungabi khazwane kubangelisa ukuthuthana, ukumisa phansi, nokuchanekwa. Indlela yokudala enguqobo iyakumelisa abadala ukudala izihlangothi ezincane ngaphandle kokuchitha ubunzima bokukhaziywa, okusinika iivili ezingcono ngokushesha kunazo ezidolophu ngaphandle kokuchitha ububi nobulungisa obudingekayo kumahluko aphathakatheni.

Umbono wesithathu siyakumelisa abalungisi ukulungiselela ukugcwalisa kwiivili, ekhuthazela imitholampilo ngakwicala esebenzayo ukuze kuncipiseke inkathi yemitholampilo. Lokhu kuhlela kweight kuyahlela impendulo yesithothi, kunciphisa uhlelo olukhaziywa kuziqhamo zokuchaneka, kanye nokhuthaza ubunzima bomphakathi wekhompiyutha ngduring izilawo ezishintshayo ngokushesha nezikhathazo eziphambene ezichaza imidlalo emgcwele.

Iziphawu Zokulahla Isishunqo Nokuphatha Umbuthano

Ukuphatha isishunqo kuyakwesaba ekusebenziseni ukubhala lapho izinhlelo zokubhinda zihluza ubushunqo obuphezulu okungathintela ubunzima nesimo sezinja. Umphathi wamalumini ofakiwe wezinja ezizodwa ezifakile zinikeza indiza yobumbiko obuhle, ethutha isishunqo ngokwanele away from izinhlelo zokubhinda futhi ekukhohlweni kwesishunqo esingakwazisa uhlelo lwesinja noma ukuchula kwesimo ngemaqondana emgcwele.

Umphathi ohlukene unika amandla okuvakashela okuningi emgodini wezinhlelo zokubhinda, nezizathuko zezinja ezihlelekile ukuze kutholakale inhlaka yokucindezela isishunqo. Amathimba okubhala ayashaya izinhlelo ezikhethekile zezinja ebaleni izidingo zomthombo nezimo zocingo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhathi zokubhinda zilindile kude ngoba isikhathi sokubhala sithembeka kwiindlela ezivumelekileyo.

Amakhono Okuthinta Ngokulinganiselana Ukuze Kuthole Indlela Yobubi

Ubunjalo Bokulinganisa Nezinketho Zokufakwa

Ubunzima beziqhamo ezizolimo kwezintambo eziphinde zibuye zihlanganisa izidingo ezahlukene zomkhawulo kungumthwalo ongenakuphikwa emakhampini okubhaca abasebenzisa izixwayiso ezahlukeneyo zezivunikeli noma ababaleka emigqa yobhaca eyahlukene enobulindleko obuhlukeneyo. Abayenzel iintambo zingazolwa ngaphandle kwebhola, ububanzi, nokuphazanyiswa okupheleleyo kodwa bafuna indlela efanayo yokulinganisa nokuzinza kwesistimu phantsi kohlelo lwazo zonke iintambo.

Lolu buzo buhamba phambili kumandla wokubopha, ukuvumela amakhampini ukulungiselela iintambo kwiisixwayiso ezahlukene zezivunikeli ngaphandle kokuchitha izici zobuqhoboka. Amabhodi okubhaca ayishintsha ngokuvuthiyo ubulindlelo, koko konke okufunyanwa kukuba kunokuguquguquka ngokushesha izici zeentambo kodwa zifikelela izici eziphumelelayo ezibonakalayo kungumthelela othile owenzelwa ngokuhlala kumdlalo wokubhaca.

Ukuguquguquka Kombono Nokuhlangana Kwemibiko

Ngaphandle kwezimali zokusebenza, ukwaziwa kokulungiselela izimpawu zesibonelo kusiza amathimba okubhaca izithunywa ezihlukile ngemuva kokugcina ubungako obudingayo okudingekayo ekuvikeleni konke. Ukwakhiwa okuthathu kumandla ukufaka izindlela zokugcina eziyisodwa kuzinto zomlando, kulungiselela izahluko ezahlukeneyo, izinxenye zesayensi, nezimpawu zesithunywa ezakhelisa ukubonakala kwamathambo nokuzinikela kwethimba. Kuyadinga ukuthi le mpendulo ibe yisivumelwano esihle kakhulu phakathi kwezibonelo nezimali zokusebenza.

Icap yesangqa, izahluko zezigaba, nezimodi zezinhlane zingafaka imibala yethimba, izilogo zamathambo, nezimpawu zokulahla okuphathelene nesakhiwo sobuchwepheshe bethimba ngexesha lokunika izinqumo ezifunwayo. Lokhu kusivumelwano kwebona indlela ehle kangaka ekudingekayo emshinini wamanxeba anamandla, apho isibonelo esibonakalayo nemali yokusebenza kumele sisebenze ngokuhlangana ukuze sifakaze isiphumo esihlukileyo.

Ubukhona kanye Nokuphikelela Ekugcineni Okungcono

Ukugcinwa Kwesixhobo Kunye Nokuphikelela Kwesakhiwo

Iziphakamiso ze-injiniyering etholakala emva kwezinkinobodlozi ezintathu zezinkinga ezenziwe ngokugcwalisa zikha izinhlelo ezahle ekugcineni kakhulu kwizinkinga ezingavamile ukuthi lezi ziphakamiso zilindele amandla ahlanzekile kangaka angaphakathi kwezindawo zokubonga. Umsebenzi wokugcwalisa ungcolisa umbuthano wemiphu yemithi ngendlela efanele yokulayisha, ukwakha izinto ezihambisana ngokushesha namandla kusuka kumgudu wokugqama kugqoko lokugqama kuya esixhackeni sezinkinga sesivivili ngaphandle kokwakha izindawo zokucindezeka kwizinkinga ezingakwazi ukuthi kuhlale kube khona njalo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezimali futhi ukusebenza kwempilo kubonisa ukuthi izindiza ezizodwa ezenziwe ngendlela efanelekile zihluka kakhulu kuzimpendulo zokuphepha kwegunya, zinikeza ubunzima obudingayo ekusebenzeleni kwezibuko apho ukungasebenzi kwesithili kungaholela emehlweni enkulu. Indlela yokudityaniswa kungenhla kumelwe kube khona ukuhlaziywa kwezinye izinto, kumakha amathuba okulungiselela phambi kokuba kuhlangene, okwenzela ukuthi izinto zibe neminyaka engaphezulu yomsebenzi futhi kube ngezintandokazi.

Ukukhathazeka KweSishini Nokuphila Kweminyaka

Izindiza zezibuko kumele zilindele imiliona yezikhathi zokugaya njalo ngemuva kwazo yomsebenzi wazo, kusukela ekugayeni ngokuphindaphindiwa ngexhumo eliqhubekayo kuze kube ngokulahleka komgwa wezibuko nokulahleka ngokusheshayo. Indlela yokudityanisa kwenza umfanekiso wokudityanisa okukhathaze isishini sokuthembeka kanye nokunyakaza, kuyekiseni umsebenzi wokusebenza kakhulu kunazo zinganye izindlela zokudityanisa.

Amathimba okubhonga kufakwa ukuthi izindiza ezihlanziweyo ezinezinyo ezintathu zazinzuzi eziphambili zinikeza izizungu ezinhlanu noma ngaphezulu zokusebenza kahle uma kugcinelwe ngendlela efanelekile, ikhona lokuba yisivumelwano esihle ngaphandle kokwenza izindleko ezidebele kokuqala. Inkinobeko yokuthatha inzuzi eyodwa ethilekile ngendlela engafani neyodwa yezindiza zonke ihlukanisa amandla ekonomi ngelishaa ikhona lokusebenza kahle njalo emva kweminyaka engcwele yokubhonga.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izindiza ezihlanziweyo ezinezinyo ezintathu zihele njani nezindiza ezinye (monoblock) kumisebenzi yokubhonga?

Nakuba izindiza ezihlanziweyo ezingenye zinikeza amandla ahlelekile, izindiza ezihlanziweyo ezinezinyo ezintathu zinikeza ubunzima obuhle kangaka kumisebenzi yokubhonga ngokuba zinemodiwu elihlukile. Inkinobeko yokuthatha iziqondiso ezithile, usizo lwebalansi, nokulungiselela ukugcwalisa kwegogo kunezinyo ezintathu kuyenzela ukuthi kube yimali kakhulu kumathimba okubhonga okuphathelene okudinga ukuguquka nokulungiselela izindleko njalo emva kweminyaka yokubhonga.

Ukucopheleka kufunwayo kuphi okuthintana nokwakha izinkawu ezizodwa?

Izinkawu ezizodwa kudinga ukubhekebeka kanye ngemini yokudla kwamathuba okulunga izinto ezihlukene, kufaka phakathi ukubaluleka kwebholthi yokuqhubeka nezibonelo zokubhekebeka ngezinho zokuchithwa noma ukulahlekelwa. Amathimba akhiqiziya inqubela engcwele esivikeleni ngenhla yesidlalo nenhlakanipho yokusetshenziswa, ngabekezeli bhekebeka kakhulu kuzinkawu ezisetshenziswa emkhawulweni ongcono noma kumsebenzi wokubhonga.

Ngaba izinkawu eziyizodwa zeziforji zingabuyiselwa uma zilahlekile ngexesha lokubhonga?

Ukugcwala kwezinhloso kuvumela ukubuyisela kwezinto ezihlukene eziningi kwezimo, okwakhiwa izinkawu eziyizodwa zeziforji zibe yimali ngaphandle kwezindiza ezimbili. Izibhamu noma amakhanda athintekile angachaphazeka ngaphandle kokuthinta izinye izinto, kodwa izisebenzi ezithile sangasebenzisa indlela yokudla nezinyathelo zokuphazamisa uma kungcono ngokomnotho.

Izimpendulo ezimbi ziphi eziphatha izikhawulo eziyisisekelo zokukhetha izinhawu zomdlalo?

Izikhawulo eziphambene nezimali zilandela izimo zomshini, umdali wokugcina, izimo zomdlalo, nezidingo zegolide. Amathimi amagaka akulungiswa kakhulu kuzizidingo zophangalala kwesithili, ukulahlekelwa kwebhreki, izidingo zomkhiqizo, nezilawuli zezinhlelo ngexoxo xa kuspezifika izinhawu ezinezinye izinxenye. Izinhlelo zokudonga nokuchaza kumputha kusiza ekuboneni kombination yokuphelele yedhametha, ububanzi, i-offset, nesilinganiso sobunzima kuzo zonke izisebenzo zomdlalo.