Amasibhazwana kweziqhuthu zokuvavanya okusebenza

Amavuba Amahle Yokuhlola Ukusetyenziswa Kweebhedi

Ukulinganiswa Kwesicatshulwa Sokuphucumana Esiphakathi

Ukukhulwa kwegama ngokuphambene kuyindlela elikhulu xa kuxoxa ngokusebenza kwezinhla ngoba kuthinte ukuphephile, ngakumbi xa ukwenza amacala noma ukulanda ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, lokhu kusho ukuthini izinhla zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwegama ngokuphambene noma kungani izinhla zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwegama ngokuphambene. Izigaba zokulingana ezifanayo ne-SAE J2530 zavulekile ukulondoloza izinhlobo zokulondoloza ezingasemqoka ukuthi kungani izinhla zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwegama ngokuphambene noma kungani izinhla zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwegama ngokuphambene. Ngezinyathelo zokulondoloza, abasebenzisa izinhla zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwegama ngokuphambene noma kungani izinhla zokulinganisa ukusebenza kwegama ngokuphambene. Ukulondoloza izinhla ngokuphelele ngezikhundla zegama ngokuphambene kuyindlela elikhulu xa kuxoxa ngokusebenza kwezinhla ngoba kuthinte ukuphephile, ngakumbi xa ukwenza amacala noma ukulanda ngokushesha. Lokhu kuthinta ngqo amathisitha wokuphepha wezinhla ezingasemqoka. Izinhla ezingasemqoka kuyindlela elikhulu xa kuxoxa ngokusebenza kwezinhla ngoba kuthinte ukuphephile, ngakumbi xa ukwenza amacala noma ukulanda ngokushesha.

Amamethodi Akuqulula Ukuphinda Phakathi Kwesihlanu

Kakhulu kubalulekile ukuthi izinhwele zenzeke kanjani xa kuzo kuzokwenza ukuphakama, ngakho-ke xa kudrivingwa kuvelwe kumaqo amabi. Oku kuyindlela yokuthi kudluliswe izinto ezinhle ku-tires ukubona ukuthi yini ehlukile, futhi ukusebenzisa amashini afakwe ngokuphindaphindiyo ukuthi kuzo kuzokwenza ukuphakama kwezincane nezinkanye. Oku kuyindlela yokuthi lokhu kubonisa yini izinhwele zenzeke ukuphakama okuphelele futhi kungase kuthwalwe kabusha. Sicathwele kakhulu emazweni ethile lapho ukwehla okungatholakali kwezinhwele kwenze ukuthi izinhwele zikhume kumaqo amabi, kubalulekile ukuba abasebenzisi bangeke bakhathale. Isiqephu? Ababhuyeke abasebenzela izinhlelweni zabo ukuthi kuzo kuzobaluleka ukuthi sibe nemininingwane yethu kumaqo amabi. Ngokwesibonelo, akukho muntu amathanda ukuthi izinhwele zilale kumaqo amabi ngoba izinhwele azange zithathe ukuthi uMama Dolo ibhalele kuzo.

Ukulovu Lwendlela Lokubhola Amatayela Emanzini

Isiqhuma sokugcisa sibonisa ngokubanzi ukuthi intaka iphume ngqo ngekutsi yini xa kuchithwa kakhulu, okuyindlela ebalulekile kakhulu kumaqandla aphezulu okuqukethwe kakhulu kizikhathini ezifulekayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le nqanaba yindlela yokubona ukuthi intaka ingasebenzi kanjani ngekutsi yini ngaphakathi noma ingaphoqelela ngokuphelele, okuyindlela ebalulekile xa unqamula kizikhathini ezahlukahlukene. Xa amathuluzi achitha lezi ziqhuma, baphutha amanzi kwindaweni kancane kancane udla kuthiwa liphume, bese benqaba imithi efanayo. Ukubheka ukuthi yini okuthiwa kwenziwa ngalesi simo kubonisa ukuthi kukhona amanani athile okugcisa kakhulu okuthiwa kwenziwa yintambo ezinciyeneyo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindlela zokwenza ezinhle kakhulu kuyindlela ebalulekile. Izindlela zokuthiwa kwenziwa ukuthi usebenzisa amakhemikhali amanani amanani anobunjineli bese kwenziwa izivivinyo zokugcisa ngokuphelele kuthiwa kunciphisa ukugcisa kakhulu, okuthiwa kuyindlela yokuthiwa izindawo zokuphumla zibe yimali noma kukhona ukuthiwa kuzo.

Amalungiselelo Ahluke Wezindaba Zokuxhumana Kwemibhalo

Imigomo Yesi-EN 12413 Yemibhalo Yezindawo

I-EN 12413 yinto esikhundleni sokuhamba kwezinhla zokwenza ngaphansi kwe-Europe, ekwakhiwa kona imiguidi ephambene nendlela yokuhlisa amakhiwa nezinhla zokusebenza ngendlela ethembekile. Lapho izinkampani zifuna ukuthi izinhla zazo zivumelelwe ngokwalesi standad, kufanele zilandele imigomo ephakeme kakhulu ngokuphumelela kwezinhla nokusebenza kwazo lapho kuzwa kakhulu. Abakhankatha babezwe izinhla ngokuvamile ukuthola izimo zokuchazwa ngokushesha kwalokho noma izinhla zingasebenzi ngemva kokuthinta ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukulandela imiguidi ye-EN 12413 ikhulula amadoni memakethe ebalulekile futhi ikhuselela izinkampani kumaqo amathule ngokwengeza. Izinkampani ezimima ukulandela le standad aziwa ukuthi bezotholwa amaphine noma betholakala ngaphandle kwezindawo ebalulekile apho kuvumelelwe ngalesi standad. Imibiko yezinkampani yekhombisa ukuthi izinhla ezingenakho le standad zihlukile kakhulu kulezo ezifanele, oku kuyindlela yokuthi le standad iyahlisa indlela yokusebenza kwezinhla nezimali.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-JWL/VIA kwe-Tayela lethezi

I-JWL nevi-VIA yizinye izimo zokubonza izindlela zokulayishwa kwezitayela zokubhola, zihlinza ngokuthi kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula. Ngeke kufanele kuthole ukuthi kuzodinga ukulaywa kwezindlela ezingenakuphula.

Amahlelo Ase-SAE Zokuthi Izintaba Ezintathu

I-SAE ibeka imithetho eningiliziwe yamasondo anezingxenye ezintathu, igxile ekuhlolweni okunzima njengokuhlolwa kwamandla e-radial, ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka emajikeni, nokuhlolwa kokumelana nomthelela. Lezi zimfuneko ziqinisekisa ukuthi amasondo anezingxenye ezintathu ayakwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuma kwawo noma ukuwohloka. Okwenza lawa masondo abe akhethekile ukuthi akhiwe kanjani ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Le ndlela yokuzivumelanisa nezimo yenza ukuba umakhenikha akwazi ukulungisa izingxenye ezilimele esikhundleni sokushintsha amasondo aphelele, futhi ibhekana nezimo zomgwaqo ezimbi kangcono kunezinye izinhlelo. Izinkampani ezilandela imihlahlandlela ye-SAE zivame ukubona izinkinga zokuphepha ezimbalwa ngoba zonke lezo zivivinyo eziqinile zibona izinkinga zisuka nje ngaphambi kokuba imikhiqizo ifinyelele kumakhasimende. Abakhiqizi abaningi bamasondo empeleni basitshela izindaba zokuthi ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-SAE kwakha kanjani ukwethenjwa ngabathengi. Omunye umkhiqizi wathi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto kuye kwanda ngemva kokuba sezithole isitifiketi, okubonisa ukuthi abathengi bakukhathalela ngempela ukuphepha lapho bekhetha amasondo ezimoto zabo.

Ibhala Engavumelekileyo: Ukhankanyiso Lwendlela

Umbumbulo Weweshi WeISO 5775-1:2023 Yezilondolozi Zokungena

ISO 5775-1:2023 ibeza kwezinyathelo ezithile kusayithi sokugcina amagqabi kubaluleke kakhulu abasebenzisa izindawo ezingaphandle kwekhaya, kungeza ekugcineni amagqabi ngokuphelele lapho kusebenza kuzindawo ezikhangelweni. Imiguidhelines etsha kakhulu iyahambisa ukugcinwa kwezinkomba ngokungcono, okuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu lapho kusebenza kuzindawo ezikhangelweni lapho ukungcola kwezinkomba kungaba yindlela ebaluleke. Izivivinyo ezisebenziswe emhlabeni zangoba ngeminyaka enguqulo ukuthi kanjani ukulandela lezi zikhakanyiso etsha zenza uhlu lwamathuba olukhulu, ngokuthi amagqabi aphume ngaphandle kwezimo eziphambene nezimo eziyisisekelo. Ngokuvacwatshwa kweqesheni ngokuvamile, abasebenzisa izinhlobo zokugcina amagqabi ezifanayo babize ukuthi kunezinto ezinguqulo lapho babuyekeza ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo, ngokuthi izinhlobo zabo zihlala zihlengene nezimpact ezinkulu kakhulu kwezindlela nezindunankulu ngokushesha. Abasebenzisi basekhaya nezinkomba zokusebenza kanye nabasebenzisi basebentethwe kubabiza ngokuthi ukulandela lezi zimo kakhulu kunciphisa amathuba okuthi amagqabi aphume kusibhedlelo, okukuthi kunezindlela ezisemthethweni nezinkinga ezingafanele kuzindawo ezingaphandle kwekhaya.

Izichallenge Zokuxhasa Lwendawo Ngesitayela

Imithunzi engenakubona iyathintekelwa ngokungcono lapho iqukethwe nezithunywa ezithile, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumsindano wokuphepha. Isimo esibangelwa ngokuphelele kungukuthi kumele kube khona ukungqaniswa kweminsuka phakathi kwezithunywa nezimithunzi, okungaba yindlela engahlelwa ngokungcono, njengokuthi izithunywa zingaphansi noma azikwazi ukulayela ngokuphelele emithunzweni. I-ETRTO isihlelwe amadimonstrate yabo ukulungisa le miqondo emva kokuthi bavuse izinkinga evela emhlabeni. Sebenzisa ikheshi lenca la Thomas De Gendt njengombala oqukethwe yinkimbinkimbi yokuthi lezi zinkinga zokuthi kungahle zibe yini. Lapho kakhuluma izithunywa zokwenza imithunzi engenakubona, abasebenzisa kumele bakhetha ngokucophelela kakhulu kumadimonstrate ezigunyazwe ngemibili. Ukubheka izinto ezigcwele kakhulu kunceda kakhulu, futhi ukuthi izindawo zokugcina zizithunywa zibe khona kumathiselwe. Le miqondo iyenza ukuthi kube khona ukusebenza ngokugooda futhi ukuphepha kwenyeke ema-systemseni aphakathi kwezithunywa nezimithunzi.

Amalimi Amandla Kwisiko Zokugcina

Izindiza zokubhala engenazo izinkawuli ziyatholakala ngemindlela yokugcina okuphezulu kakhulu esingathintekile ngokulula. Uma le miyeli isetshenziswa ngokungatholakala, kukhona ubangelwano obuphezulu. I-indistri iyasetshenzisa imindlela yokugcina okuphezulu ngokwesicelo ngokuthi izindiza zokubhala engenazo izinkawuli zingasebenzi ngokulula njengazo ezinezinkawuli. Sicathwele ukuthi kukhona izinkinga eziningi zasebenzela lapho abasebenzisa izinhlobo zokubhala zilandelwe. Izindlela zokubhala zokugcina phakathi kwesibhakabhaka zingase zibe yimalipha, oku kunezindlela zokubhala eziningi zasebenzela. Abasebenzisi bethu kubaluleka ukuthi bathuthuke kakhulu kule nkinga ngokuthi bathi bafuna ukuthola okunye ukulethwa kwamandla kwezinhlobo zokubhala. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuthi abasebenzisi bezinhlobo zokubhala zilungisele ukuthola iziphakamiso eziphezulu ngaphandle kokuthi zingathinteki izinhlobo zokubhala.

Ukutesta Ukudlala Kweminyaka Engaphezulu

Amaphrojekthi Yokuqinisekisa Umoya Wotyala Lwesimanje

Imivikelo yokugcina imoto yemoto yemoto engcono kakhulu kuthuthukisa ukuthi iyilapho ngokuphelele kakhulu. Lapho abasebenzisi bakhubeka le simulation, babangela ngokuthile konke okuhlinzekileyo ukuze bakhone ngokuhamba kwezimoto. Chaziwa ngokuthi - kakhulu imivikelo ingaba yizindlela ezincane, amathayiphe amagqunyiwe, nezindlela eziphazimeyo ezidinga ukuthi umoya wemoto ugcine ukuphuma ngokujulwa ukuthi imoto ingasebenzi yini. Okutholwe yimivikelo ngemva kokuqiniseka ngokuphelele? Ukuhlonipha kungcono ngoba imiba ikhutshelwa phambili ngaphambi kokuthi abasebenzisi bale imoto bakwazi ukuthi imoto iyilapho. Lapho ubheka idatha ekhutshelwe yimivikelo, kubonakala kakhulu ukuthi izikimane zingathuthukisa konke ukudizayina nokuproduka imoto ngokuthi zazi lapho imiba iyilapho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunezimoto ezingapheli kizindlela zemontane futsi kunezindlela zokugcina umoya kubasebenzisi abasebenzisa amagqunyi akhona.

I-Tests Zokuhlola Ukuncedeka KweJeep Rims

Ukuhlola indlela ama-rim ejeepi ayasebenzisa ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwezikhala kuyindlela yokubona ukuba yini indawo ebonisa ukuba yini indawo enqabeni yokwenza ama-rim ayasebenzisa ngokuphelele, futhi kakhulu kuma-tires aphezulu. Kutheni kusebenzisa kwezikhala? Ukuqala, kuzokwenza futhi kuzokwazi ukuthi yini indlela ama-rim ayasebenzisa lapho kwenza izikhala eziphezulu noma lapho kudlala emhlabeni embi. Indlela yabo yisukela ama-rim kwezikhala ezahlukene ngemva kwezinsizakwana ezingaphezu kwezinsizakwana ukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukubona ukuthi ayasebenzisa ngokuphelele noma ayikho. Abakhankatha babo bazi ukuthi le ndlela yokuhlola iyasebenza ngokuhle kakhulu ekuboniseni indawo ebonisa ukuphazamiseka kwezikhala kuma-rim ngaphambi kokuthi kunezinkinga emhlabeni. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ama-rim ejeepi aphakathi kule ndlela yokuhlola ngokuphelele ayasebenzisa ngokuphelele noma ayikho emhlabeni embi. Koma yikhole lapho akhala ukudlala emhlabeni embi, lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bazi ukuthi ayasebenzisa ngokuphelele kakhulu—bazi ukuthi kuzokwenza ama-rim ayasebenzisa ngokuphelele ukuze bafakwe ukuthi ayasebenzisa ngokuphelele noma ayikho.

Ukubhala Kwesayidi

Ukubheka ukuthi ipi na leyo ubunzima engasekho ukulondoloza kakhulu lapho kubalulekile ukuthi amagliga ahlale kude, ngakho emhlabeni ohlangene noma phansi lapho kunezindleke. Lapho abasebenzisi bakhwetsha le nto, bakhwetsha amatekisi amaningi ukubona ukuthi leyo engasekho ukulondoloza ubunzima obuphelelwe baleyo vehikili esihlakaniphile noma ngabe bethola amathiphu. Babheka amaphenomena njengebunzima kahawuka kwehlukaniswa phakathi kwezinye zindawo zayo kanye nobuningi bokugcina noma kuvamekile. Iindlela zokubala zilandela le nto kakhulu futhi – amakhampani abeka ukuthi kunezinkinga ezincane noma ngaphandle kwezindleke zakhe emva kokuthi kutholwe ukuthi kuyindlela enqunyiwe ukuthi kwenzeke kanjalo. Ukulanda kahle kubunzima kuthiwa leyo ingasekho ukugcina kakhulu, okuyindlela ethinta ekonomi noma ngabe kuyindlela yokuphepha abasebenzisa leyo vehikili.